FACTORS AFFECTING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF GREEN HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AT KOREAN ENTERPRISES IN PHU THO PROVINCE

Abstract

This study investigates the factors influencing the implementation of Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) in Korean enterprises operating in Phu Tho province, a rapidly developing economic region with a high concentration of Korean FDI projects. Although GHRM has been widely recognized as a strategic tool for promoting sustainability, its adoption among Korean firms in Vietnam remains limited and inconsistent. To address this gap, the study develops an empirical model incorporating five determinants: leadership perception, financial and material resources, employee awareness, legal regulations, and stakeholder pressure. A quantitative research design was employed using a structured questionnaire distributed to 393 Korean enterprises in Phu Tho province, yielding 239 valid responses. Data were analyzed through reliability testing, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), and multiple linear regression. The results indicate that all five factors significantly and positively affect GHRM implementation. Employee awareness exhibits the strongest influence, followed by stakeholder pressure, legal regulations, leadership perception, and financial resources. These findings align with international research emphasizing the role of employee cognition and external institutional pressures in shaping sustainable HR practices. The study contributes to the limited body of literature on GHRM in foreign-invested enterprises in Vietnam by validating a multi-dimensional framework within the context of Korean corporate culture and the evolving regulatory environment of the newly merged Phu Tho province. Practically, the results provide actionable implications for Korean enterprises to strengthen environmental training, enhance leadership commitment, align with legal requirements, and respond proactively to stakeholder expectations in order to advance their green transformation goals.