THE IMPACT OF THE LOCAL POWER IN THE POLITICAL FORMATION OF ARABIAN EASTERN COUNTRIES THROUGH THE FIRST   HALF OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY

Received: 24.08.2021; Revised: 30.09.2021, Accepted: 06.11.2021, Published Online: 29.11.2021

Dr. Badr Hameed Mansi Alsulami

Assistant Professor of Modern History, Department of History and Civilization,

College of Sharia and Islamic studies, Um Al -Qura University

Abstract

The goal of this study is shed the light on the role of the local and political powers in the Arabian Eastern Countries through the first half of the twentieth century and its effect and affect in the political formation in the in the modern Arabian eastern countries. The research has covered the most important political leadership in Saudi Arabia at this time which had its effective influence in moving the path of modern Arabian history at this time. Beginning of the King Abd El- Aziz bin Sauid in Najd , moving to AL- Sharief  AL -Hussien in Hijaz. That is because these three characters are the most important political leadership of the local powers which can powerfully contribute in political, social, and economical transactions which affects the Arab country since the end of the first world war till the happening of the second world war. The king Abdel-Aziez is the only one who can make the balance between the making his own project which is forming a united political entity that brings him back his parents and grand parents’ kingship in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia which was based basically on the principles of the rehabilitation advocacy of ALshiekh Muhamed Ibn Abd-elWahab and the British Colonial powers in the Area. That makes him gets out this historical period with best victory could happen {Establishing the greatest Islamic Arabian United nation in the modern history}  . The Study Also indicates the role of the local leadership in sham and Iraq. The most obvious one is the role of the king Faisal Ibn Hussien who has the most effective presence on the sequence of the incidences, relationships, and political transformations in the whole eastern Arabian Countries in general, and epically in Suria and Iraq , although the second character is Abd- Allah “the second son of Al sharief  Hussien and the brother of Faisel ”who crowned in this era  a king of eastern Jorden .  The study has declared the role of national leadership in Egypt, its role was different than the kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Iraq or sham. while the most obvious role was resisting the British colonization and its projects in Egypt, and attempting to establish modern national nation, so its role contributes to establish and generalize the national and local idea in people’s minds more than the importance of political limits. The researcher follows the descriptive historical research. and the most important result was: the local political leaderships at this time have remarkable effect and impact in the Modern Eastern Arabian countries formation in direct and indirect ways. the researcher also found some other results. and introduce some recommendations.